SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INTELLECTUAL MODERNIZATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND TURKESTAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TANZIMAT REFORMS AND JADIDISM. Modern American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 5, p. 118–125, 2026. Disponível em: https://usajournals.org/index.php/3/article/view/2364. Acesso em: 30 may. 2026.