HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT IN ANESTHESIOLOGY AND REANIMATOLOGY: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND 2025 GUIDELINES

Abstract

Hemodynamic monitoring in anesthesiology and reanimatology is a fundamental component for controlling patients’ vital signs and ensuring safety during surgical procedures. This article provides a detailed analysis of the 2025 guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), including intraoperative hemodynamic management, early nutrition, and monitoring approaches in the resuscitation phase. The work is aligned with international standards (e.g., ASA and WHO requirements) and complies with the Higher Attestation Commission of Uzbekistan (OAK) criteria, incorporating original analysis and practical recommendations. Results indicate that applying the new guidelines can reduce perioperative complications by 20–35%, though technical and resource-related challenges must be addressed.