GYNECOLOGIC DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

Abstract

The endocrine system is closely linked to a woman's reproductive function. Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, ovulation, endometrial health, and ovarian function. Endocrine disorders disrupt hormonal balance, leading to the development of various gynecological pathologies. Gynecological diseases arising from endocrine imbalances represent one of the most pressing issues in modern medicine, as they significantly impact a woman's reproductive health, quality of life, and demographic indicators. The endocrine system plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, ovarian function, and endometrial health. Any disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis leads to an imbalance of sex hormones, which underlies the development of a wide range of gynecological pathologies. This article examines key endocrine disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia , thyroid disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, and their impact on the development of gynecological disorders. Particular attention is paid to pathogenic mechanisms, including hyperandrogenism , insulin resistance, impaired estrogen and progesterone synthesis, and changes in receptor sensitivity to hormones. These processes lead to the development of anovulation , menstrual irregularities, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. The important role of metabolic factors and chronic inflammation in disease progression is emphasized. Modern diagnostic approaches, including hormonal studies, ultrasound diagnostics, and imaging methods, are discussed, as well as the principles of comprehensive treatment aimed at correcting hormonal levels and eliminating clinical manifestations.