THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF LIVER STRUCTURE AND DAMAGE PROCESSES CAUSED BY DRUGS

Abstract

The liver is the largest gland in the human body, playing a central role in metabolism, detoxification, and various biological processes. In addition, drugs can affect liver cells (hepatocytes) and induce varying degrees of injury, known as Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). This article provides a scientific overview of the pathophysiology, mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of DILI. The formation of reactive or toxic metabolites during drug metabolism, oxidative stress, organelle dysfunction, cholestasis, and immune responses play key roles in the development of DILI. Furthermore, the patient’s genetic predisposition and pharmacogenetic factors influence these processes. Monitoring liver biomarkers (ALT, AST) is essential for DILI diagnosis. The article highlights modern scientific approaches, including mathematical modeling, for predicting drug safety and preventing liver injury.