SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INTELLECTUAL MODERNIZATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND TURKESTAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TANZIMAT REFORMS AND JADIDISM
Keywords:
Tanzimat, Jadidism, modernization, Turkestan, Ottoman Empire, intellectual culture, urbanization, education, Maturidism, social transformation.Abstract
This article examines the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire and the Jadid movement in Turkestan as interconnected processes of socio-economic and intellectual modernization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between infrastructural transformation, urban development, the emergence of new professional groups, and the transformation of systems of knowledge under conditions of increasing social complexity.
The study demonstrates that modernization processes were accompanied not only by educational reforms, but also by changes in public consciousness shaped by the growing practical demand for scientific, technical, and professional knowledge. The development of transportation infrastructure, banking institutions, elements of professional medicine, urban economic structures, and secular education contributed to the gradual expansion of the sphere of rational knowledge within the Turkic-Muslim cultural environment.
The research is based on comparative-historical and historical-philosophical approaches.
