ETHNIC DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY COHESION: FOUNDATIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY

Abstract

This article explores the contemporary challenges and strategic directions in the reform of the mahalla (neighborhood) system in Uzbekistan, with a particular focus on the post-independence era. The study highlights the unique organizational and socio-cultural functions of mahallas as grassroots democratic institutions that facilitate interethnic harmony, religious tolerance, and civic participation. Special attention is given to the evolving role of multinational and multi-faith communities within the mahalla framework, as well as to the state's efforts to strengthen these institutions through legal reforms and administrative innovations. The article also analyzes the conceptual foundations and implementation mechanisms of the Mahallabay Working System—a targeted governance model aimed at ensuring social stability, public accountability, and individualized service delivery at the local level. Key policy initiatives, such as the establishment of the Ministry of Mahalla and Family Support and the national program “New Uzbekistan – New Mahalla,” are examined in the context of broader nation-building and civil society development. Indicators for evaluating mahalla performance, along with the role of national and cultural centers in promoting universal human values, are critically assessed to underscore the transformative potential of mahallas in the consolidation of democratic governance.