PROCESSES OF SALINATION AND SOIL METAMORPHISM IN THE FERGANA VALLEY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Climate change, soil degradation, salinization, metamorphism, desertification, hydrological factors, heat balance, land reclamation.Abstract
This article ecologically analyzes the natural-geographic, climatic, and anthropogenic factors affecting the processes of soil salinization and metamorphism in the Fergana Valley under climate change.The study was conducted based on meteorological data for 2016–2025.Based on meteorological data, the dynamics of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and soil surface heat balance were studied. The results of the study showed that the desertification process is intensifying and the risk of soil degradation is increasing against the backdrop of global warming.The results showed that the average annual temperature in the region increased by 0.4–0.8 °C, the maximum temperature increased by 1.7 °C, and precipitation decreased by 14–44 mm. The soil surface temperature increased by 1.9–2.7 °C, accelerating evaporation processes. This led to increased salinization, groundwater mineralization, and soil metamorphism.
