GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF CENTRAL ASIA AND UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

Climate change has become one of the central challenges of contemporary science and policy. In 2024, the global average temperature rose to +1.55°C above pre-industrial levels, setting a new record (WMO, 2025; NASA GISS, 2025). Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations have also reached historical maximums: in July 2025, the monthly average recorded at the Mauna Loa Observatory stood at approximately 427.9 ppm (NOAA, 2025). These figures confirm that greenhouse gas emissions remain at high levels and that their impact on the climate system continues to intensify.