ENDOPHYTIC MICROORGANISMS OF PLANTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

This article examines the characteristics of endophytic microorganisms, their role in the formation and functioning of the plant microbiome, and the nature of interactions between endophytes and their host plants. Particular attention is paid to endophytic bacteria and microscopic fungi capable of colonizing the internal tissues of healthy plants without causing pronounced disease symptoms. The main physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of endophytes on plants are considered, including the synthesis of phytohormones, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, mobilization of phosphorus and other mineral nutrients, production of antimicrobial compounds, and activation of plant defense mechanisms. The potential of endophytic microorganisms to enhance plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors is also analyzed. The prospects for the practical application of endophytes in agriculture, biotechnology, sustainable agriculture, and biological plant protection are highlighted.