FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERMS DENOTING OFFICIALS IN THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Abstract

This article examines the functional characteristics of terms denoting officials in the Russian and Uzbek languages from the perspectives of comparative linguistics, terminology studies, and sociolinguistics. Particular attention is paid to the lexical-semantic structure, functional differentiation, contextual usage, and translation of official titles in the two languages. Terms referring to officials constitute an important component of administrative, legal, political, and professional communication. Although Russian and Uzbek share numerous international terms, such as министр and министр, директор and direktor, their systems of official titles also demonstrate significant differences arising from historical traditions, administrative structures, and national linguistic practices. The article analyses examples such as председатель – rais, заместитель – o‘rinbosar, начальник – boshliq, and посол – elchi to demonstrate the relationship between lexical meaning and institutional context. It also explores the role of grammatical structure, stylistic conventions, terminological standardisation, and cultural factors in the functioning of official titles. The findings suggest that the accurate interpretation and translation of such terms require not only lexical equivalence but also consideration of their institutional, semantic, and pragmatic functions.